skip to main content
UTRGV The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley
Main Menu
Donate Now Directory myUTRGV

You are here:

Civil War Trail Zapata County Massacre at El Clareño

Rio Grande Valley Civil War Trail College of Liberal Arts

  • Home
  • About Us
    • Project Brief
    • Faculty & Staff
    • Project Scholars & Editors
    • Lead Advisor by County
    • Contributors and Committee
    • Community Engagement
    • Undergraduate & Graduate Assistants
  • Civil War Trail
    • Cameron County
      • Bagdad
      • Brazos Island
      • Brownsville during the Civil War
      • Clarksville
      • Fort Brown
      • Las Rucias
      • Neale House
      • Old City Cemetery
      • Palmito Ranch
      • Palo Alto Battlefield
      • Point Isabel
      • Rio Grande
      • Sheridan Bridge
      • Stillman House
    • Hidalgo County
      • City of Hidalgo (Original Edinburgh)
      • Havana
      • Jackson Ranch
      • La Bolsa Blend
      • McAllen Ranch
      • Museum of South Texas History
      • Peñitas Cemetery
      • Webber's Ranch
      • La Sal del Rey
    • Imperial Mexico
      • Benito Juarez
      • Matamoros
      • Mexico from 1846 to 1876
      • Mexico and the U.S. Civil War
      • Porfirio Díaz
      • The Franco-Austrian Invasion
    • Jim Wells County
      • Battle at Los Patricios
    • Kleberg County
      • King Ranch
    • Starr County
      • John Vale/Noah Cox House
      • Juan Cortina
      • Mifflin Kenedy Warehouse
      • Old Rio Grande Cemetery
      • Ramirez Hospital
      • Ringgold Barracks
      • Robert E. Lee House
      • Roma Historic District
    • Webb County
      • Col. Santos Benavides
      • Fort McIntosh
      • St. Augustine Plaza, Laredo
      • Zacate Creek
    • Zapata County
      • Confederate Retaliation at La Soledad
      • Confrontation at Carrizo
      • Massacre at El Clareño
      • Reconstruction Era in Zapata County
      • Second Battle of El Clareño and Hanging of Zapata County Judge
      • Skirmish at Redmond's Ranch
    • U.S. Colored Troops
    • Cortina and the First war
    • Cortina and the “Second Cortina War”
    • Juan Nepomuceno Cortina and the American Civil War
  • Press
  • Academic Resources
    • Audio Tours
      • Cameron County
      • Hidalgo County
      • Imperial Mexico
      • Kennedy County
      • Starr County
      • Webb County
      • Zapata County
    • Audio Español
      • Cameron County
      • Hidalgo County
      • Imperial Mexico
      • Kennedy County
      • Starr County
      • Webb County
      • Zapata County
    • References
    • Kid's Corner
    • Teaching Tools
      • TEKS-Aligned Lesson Plans
      • Traveling Trunk Posters
    • Published Books
    • Girl Scouts of Greater South Texas
    • Documentary Films
    • Radio Interviews
    • Recorded Presentations
  • Attractions
  • Partners
  • Donate

Zapata County - Related Links

  • Confederate Retaliation at La Soledad
  • Confrontation at Carrizo
  • Massacre at El Clareño
  • Reconstruction Era in Zapata County
  • Second Battle of El Clareño and Hanging of Zapata County Judge
  • Skirmish at Redmond's Ranch

Contact Us

RGV- Civil War Program
The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley
1201 W. University Dr.
LAMR 1.103
Conference Room LAMR 1.104
Email: chaps@utrgv.edu
Phone: (956) 665-3231

Quick Links

CHAPS RGV Civil War “Cotton Times” Film Discovery Trails Sponsorship Opportunities Blue and Gray on the Border: The Rio Grande Valley Civil War Trail The Civil War on the Rio Grande, 1846–1876

Massacre at El Clareño

  • English
  • Español

Several days after the April 1861 confrontation at Carrizo between Union supporters led by Antonio Ochoa and Zapata County Judge Isidro Vela, a Confederate Cavalry unit commanded by Captain, later Colonel, Santos Benavides, stationed in Laredo, arrived in Carrizo. Following Benavides' arrival, Judge Vela ordered Ochoa’s arrest. Benavides and his unit proceeded to El Clareño where Ochoa and his supporters lived. A battle ensued in which numerous civilians were killed. The news of the massacre spread quickly throughout Zapata County and other communities on both sides of the border. The situation became more complicated as Unionist feelings were mixed with sympathy for Juan Cortina, a landowner from the Brownsville area, who was dispossessed of his lands by dishonest judges and attorneys. Such men had colluded with law enforcement officials who together coveted land grants in existence since Spanish colonial times. The deaths at El Clareño resulted in stronger local opposition to the Confederacy, as well as opposition to using the border area as an export base for cotton through Mexican ports in order to evade the Union Fleet blockade of Confederate ports.

Listen



En abril de 1861, varios días después de la confrontación en Carrizo entre los partidarios unionistas dirigidos por Antonio Ochoa y el juez del condado de Zapata Isidro Vela, una unidad de caballería confederada acuartelada en Laredo llegó a Carrizo bajo el mando del capitán y futuro coronel Santos Benavides. Poco después, el juez Vela ordenó el arresto de Ochoa: Benavides y sus hombres se dirigieron a El Clareño, donde vivían Ochoa y sus seguidores, y se desató una batalla en la que fallecieron numerosos civiles. La noticia de la matanza se extendió con rapidez por el condado y hacia otras comunidades a ambos lados de la frontera, contribuyendo a una situación ya de por sí complicada en la que el sentimiento unionista se mezclaba con la simpatía por la causa de Juan Cortina. Éste, un terrateniente de la zona de Brownsville, había sido desahuciado de sus tierras por abogados y jueces corruptos en colusión con agentes de las fuerzas del orden, quienes codiciaban como ellos las concesiones de tierras que existían desde la época colonial española. Las muertes en El Clareño engendraron una oposición local aún mayor contra la Confederación y contra el uso de la región fronteriza como centro de las exportaciones de algodón a través de puertos mexicanos, para así evadir el bloqueo naval unionista de los puertos confederados.

Escucha




Details

Location: El Clareño was a small community in Zapata County dedicated to farming and ranching 15 miles south of Carrizo, the county seat for Zapata County.
*Location submerged under Falcon Lake, please visit Zapata County Museum of History for more information.

Access: Tuesday thru Friday, 10:00 a.m. to 4:00 p.m.

Contact: Zapata County Museum of History - Hildegardo E. Flores, EdD., Director & Amparo Montes-Gutiérrez, Curator

GPS Coordinates

Photos

House at El Clareño
House at El Clareño - Photo Courtesy
of James B. Boyd
Clareno Ranch
El Clareño Ranch
Map of Zapata County
Map courtesy of W. Eugene George,
Lost Architecture of the Rio Grande
Borderlands, Texas A&M University Press.
To order this book call toll-free order line:
800-826-8911 or online at tamupress.com
Jump to Top
Give to UTRGV

UTRGV

  • Twitter
  • Facebook
  • LinkedIn
  • YouTube
  • CARES, CRRSAA and ARP Reporting
  • Site Policies
  • Contact UTRGV
  • Required Links
  • Fraud Reporting
  • Senate Bill 18 Reporting
  • UTRGV Careers
  • Clery Act Reports
  • Web Accessibility
  • Mental Health Resources
  • Sexual Misconduct Policy
  • Reporting Sexual Misconduct