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Civil War Trail Imperial Mexico Mexico and the U.S. Civil War

Rio Grande Valley Civil War Trail College of Liberal Arts

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Imperial Mexico - Related Links

  • Benito Juarez
  • Matamoros
  • Mexico from 1846 to 1876
  • Mexico and the U.S. Civil War
  • Porfirio Díaz
  • The Franco-Austrian Invasion

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RGV- Civil War Program
The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley
1201 W. University Dr.
LAMR 1.103
Conference Room LAMR 1.104
Email: chaps@utrgv.edu
Phone: (956) 665-3231

Quick Links

CHAPS RGV Civil War “Cotton Times” Film Discovery Trails Sponsorship Opportunities Blue and Gray on the Border: The Rio Grande Valley Civil War Trail The Civil War on the Rio Grande, 1846–1876

Mexico and the U.S. Civil War

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While Union and Confederacy fought from 1861 to 1865, the supporters of Benito Juarez, known as Juaristas, fought the French and Austrian imperialists from 1862 to 1867. The Rio Grande Valley became important in these struggles for several reasons. The U.S. blockade of Confederate ports limited the South’s ability to ship cotton and consequently limited the South's ability to import cannon, medical supplies, and other needed war materials. To circumvent the U.S. Navy, Confederates utilized the small Mexican port of Bagdad, a place the Union could not attack without risking a war with France. Bagdad soon emerged as the Confederacy’s major remaining port. To end this trade, Union landed forces at Brazos de Santiago, marched inland to Brownsville, and subsequently headed northwest along the north bank of the river. The Confederates responded by moving the crossing points westward and later drove Union forces back to Brazos de Santiago.

The tax revenue generated by the trade at Bagdad provided substantial revenue for the Mexican government. Although the Liberal commander of that part of México, Juan Cortina, favored the Union, he could cooperate with both northern and southern forces as needed. When Matamoros briefly passed into the imperialists' hands, the French and the Confederates cooperated as well. Although numerous hostile actions occurred on both sides of the river, no international war ever erupted between either of the American or Mexican sides.

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Si la Unión y la Confederación lucharon entre 1861 y 1865, los juaristas, o seguidores de Benito Juárez, combatieron contra los imperialistas franceses y austríacos de 1862 a 1867. El Valle del Río Grande desempeñó un papel importante en ambas contiendas debido a varias razones: el bloqueo naval unionista a los puertos confederados limitaba la capacidad exportadora de algodón de la Confederación, así como también la posibilidad por parte de los sureños de importar cañones, suministros médicos y otros materiales bélicos necesarios. Para sortear el bloqueo de la Armada estadounidense, los confederados utilizaban el pequeño puerto marítimo de Bagdad, localidad que la Unión no podía asaltar sin arriesgarse a entrar en guerra con Francia, con lo que la localidad emergió como el último puerto marítimo importante de la Confederación. Para interrumpir este flujo comercial, los unionistas desembarcaron en la Isla de Brazos Santiago y marcharon hacia el interior sobre la ciudad de Brownsville, siguiendo después las márgenes del río hacia el noroeste. Los confederados respondieron desplazando los puntos de embarque hacia el oeste y repeliendo con posterioridad las fuerzas confederadas de nuevo hasta Brazos Santiago.

Los impuestos aduaneros generados por el tráfico comercial en Bagdad proporcionaban una fuente de ingresos sustancial para el gobierno mexicano y, aunque el mando liberal de esa región de México, dirigido por Juan Cortina, era partidario unionista, éste podría colaborar con las fuerzas sureñas o con las norteñas según conviniera. Cuando Matamoros pasó brevemente a manos imperialistas, los franceses y los confederados cooperaron también, y aunque un gran número de hostilidades tuvieron lugar a ambas orillas del río, no llegó a desatarse un conflicto bélico internacional entre los lados ni mexicano ni estadounidense.

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