Publications
Peer Reviewed Publications
*Student mentee
- Charak, R., *Cano-Gonzalez, I., & Ronzon-Tirado, R., Schmitz, R., M. Tabler, J., Karsberg, S., & Ford, J. (2023). LGBTQ+ identity related abuse childhood and associations with depression and suicide behavior in adulthood: role of cisheterosexism and emotional suppression. Child Abuse and Neglect (accepted; impact factor: 4.8).
- Roley-Roberts, M., Charak, R., Jeffs, A., & Hovey J. (2023). The unique relationship between childhood sexual abuse, self-injury, and suicide ideation: the mediating role of emotion dysregulation. Child Abuse Review, 32(2).org/10.1002/car.2787 (2021 impact factor: 2.086).
- *Cano-Gonzalez, I., Charak, R., Chen, P., & Cantos, A. (2023). Patterns, risk factors, and mental health correlates of cyber intimate partner violence in hispanic emerging adults. Journal of Family Violence, 38(5), 941-952. doi.org/10.1007/s10896-022-00434-1 (5-year impact factor: 3.009)
- *Cano-Gonzalez, I., Charak, R., *Cantu, J., & Ronzon-Tirado, R. (2023). The role of complex PTSD in the associations between minority stressors and self-reported suicide likelihood in LGBTQ+ adults. Traumatology. (accepted; impact factor: 3.2).
- Charak, R., *Cano-Gonzalez, I., Ronzon-Tirado, R., Ford, J. D., Byllesby, B. M., Shevlin, M., Karatzias, T., Hyland, P., & Cloitre, M. (2023). Factor structure of the International Trauma Questionnaire in trauma exposed LGBTQ+ adults: Role of accumulating traumatic events and minority stress heterosexist experiences. Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy, 15(4), 628-636.10.1037/tra0001440. (impact factor: 9.398)
- Gilbar, O., Charak, R., *Trujillo, O., *Cantu, J. I., *Cavazos, V., & Lavi, I. (2023). A meta-analysis of cyber intimate partner violence: its associations to face-to-face intimate partner violence and how it reflects gendered intimate partner violence. Trauma, Violence, and Abuse, 24(30), 1948-1965. doi.org/10.1177/15248380221082087 (Impact factor: 10.57).
- *Hsieh, C., Charak, R., *Razo, G., Tabler, J., & Schmitz, R. (2023). Associations between sexual minority identities, heterosexism, identity concealment, and depression among lesbian, gay, and bisexual emerging adults: Adjusting for the effects of general stressors. Southern Medical Journal (accepted).
- Schmitz, R. M., Tabler, J., Charak, R., *Cantu, J. I., González, C., & Schmitz, J. (2023). Minority stress, technology, and LGBTQ+ people’s experiences and outcomes during the COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of Gay and Lesbian Social Services (accepted).
- *Cantu, J. I., Charak, R., Popan, J., & Cantos, A. (2023). Cognitive reappraisal as a protective factor in the associations between cyber intimate partner victimization and depression in Hispanic emerging adults. Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment, and Trauma, 32(1-2), 71-87.org/10.1080/10926771.2022.2112331 (5-year impact factor 2.19)
- Schmitz, R. M., Gomez, G., Propost, A. Tabler, J., & Charak, R. (2023). Queer politics of a pandemic: LGBTQ+ people’s conceptions of COVID-19’s politicization. Sexuality Research and Social Policy, 20(2), 751-765. doi.org/10.1007/s13178-022-00719-6 (5-year impact factor: 3.745)
- Tirado, R. R., *Cano-Gonzalez., & Charak, R. (2023). Daily heterosexist experiences in LGBTQ+ adults from Spain: validation, prevalence, and clinical implications. Psychosocial Interventions, 32(1). doi.org/10.5093/pi2022a15 (2021 impact factor: 4.583)
- Nuttman-Shwartz, O., Gilbar, O., Charak, R., & Dekel, R., (2023). Perpetrating cyber dating violence: the role of gender and culture in an Israeli sample. Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment and Trauma. Advance online publication. oi.org/10.1080/10926771.2022.2082906 (5-year impact factor 2.19).
- Ford, J., Charak, R., Spinazzola, J., Karatzias, T., & Shevlin, M. (2022). Can developmental trauma disorder be distinguished from posttraumatic stress disorder: a symptom-level person-centered empirical approach. European Journal of Psychotraumatology. 13(2). doi.org/10.1080/20008066.2022.2133488 (Impact factor 3.02)
- Kyne, D., Robledo, C., Clark, L. C., Charak R., Salahuddin, M., & Marrow, J. (2022). Social connectedness, physical distancing, and anxiety in complying with shelter-in-place orders and advisories during the once-in-a-century COVID-19 pandemic in the US: a study of social media and internet users. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(22), 15282. doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192215282
- Ford, J., Shevlin, M., Karatzias, T., Charak, R., & Spinazzola, J. (2022). Can developmental trauma disorder be distinguished from posttraumatic stress disorder: a confirmatory factor analytic test of four structural models. Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology, 50, 1207-1218. doi.org/10.1007/s10802-022-00916-2 (5-year impact factor: 4.836).
- Seligman, L. D., Charak, R., & *Flores, A. (2022). Depression in children and adolescents: evidence-based treatment guidelines. In Farrell, C. Essau., & R. Murrihy (Eds.) Handbook of treatment modules for youth emotional and behavioural disorders: Guidelines for personalized care.
- Schmitz, R. M., & Charak, R. (2022). “I went into this as one person, and then came out a totally different person”: Native LGBTQ2S+ young adults’ conceptions of trauma. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 37(5-6), 3293-3319. doi.10.1177/0886260520948523 (5-year impact factor: 3.115)
- Tabler, J., Schmitz, R. M., Charak, R., Propost, A. (2022). Forgone care among LGBTQ+ and non-LGBTQ+ Americans during the COVID-19 pandemic: the role of health, social support, and pandemic-related stress. Southern Medical Journal, 115(10), 752-759. 10.14423/SMJ.0000000000001456
- *Cano-Gonzalez, I., Charak, R., Gilbar, O., Racionero-Viñas, R., & Strait, M. K. (2022). Witnessing parental violence and intimate partner cyber IPV perpetration in hispanic emerging adults: The mediating role of attitudes towards IPV. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 37(9-10), 8115-8137. doi.org/10.1177/0886260520975834 (5-year impact factor: 3.115)
- *Hsieh, C., Charak, R *Cano-Gonzalez, I., Gonzalez, L. Roley-Roberts, M., & Hovey, J. D. (2022). Perceived burdensomeness and thwarted belongingness influence the childhood polyvictimization and suicide ideation association among Hispanic undergraduates. Death Studies, 46(8), 1792-1800. org/10.1080/07481187.2020.1846227 (2019 impact factor: 1.361)
- Charak, R. & Hamilton-Giachritsis, C. (2021). Editorial: Assessment tools in child protection practice and research. Child Abuse Review, 30, 499-507. doi. 10.1002/car.2736 (Impact factor: 1.345)
- Tirado, R. R., Charak, R. *Cano-Gonzalez, I., Karsberg, S., & Schnarrs, P. W. (2021). Latent classes of bidirectional face-to-face and cyber intimate partner violence among lesbian, gay and bisexual people: The role of minority stressors. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 37(21-22). doi.org/10.117708862605211055158 (Impact factor 6.144).
- Tabler, J., Schmitz, R. M., Charak, R., & Dickinson, E. (2021). Perceived weight gain and eating disorder symptoms among LGBTQ+ adults during the COVID-19 pandemic: a convergent mixed-method study. Journal of Eating Disorders, 9, 115. org/10.1186/s40337-021-00470-0 (5-year impact factor 4.622).
- Charak, R., de Jong, J.T.V.M., Berckmoes, L. H., & Reis, R. (2021). Intergenerational maltreatment parent-child dyads from Burundi: associations with parental depression and connectedness, and PTSS and aggression in children. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 34, 943-954. doi.10.1002/jts.22735 (Impact factor 3.476)
- McCarty, S. M., Pacque, K., Gatto, A. J., Hill, K., & Charak, R. (2021). Youth-led resilience promotion in disaster recovery: a framework and prosocial strategies for youth leaders in schools. Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy, 14(1), 32-40.doi.org/10.1037/tra0001142 (Impact factor: 3.226)
- Charak, R., *Cano-Gonzalez, I., Shevlin, M., Ben-Ezra, M., Karatzias, T., & Hyland, P. (2021). Dimensional latent structure of ICD-11 posttraumatic stress disorder, complex PTSD, and adjustment disorder: Evidence from Ghana, Kenya, and Nigeria. Traumatology, 28(2), 223-234. doi.org/10.1037/trm0000311 (2019 impact factor: 0.728).
- Karsberg, S., Hesse, M., Pedersen, M. M., Charak, R., & Pedersen, M. U. (2021). The impact of poly-traumatization on treatment outcomes in young people with substance use disorders. BMC Psychiatry, 21, doi.org/10.1186/s12888-021-03129-x. (5-year impact factor: 3.386).
- *Villarreal, L., Charak, R., Schmitz, R.M., *Hsieh, C., & Ford, J. D. (2021). The relationship between sexual orientation outness, heterosexism, emotion dysregulation, and alcohol use in gay, lesbian, and bisexual emerging adults. Journal of Gay and Lesbian Mental Health, 25(1), 94-115. doi.10.1080/19359705.2020.1809588
- *Cano-Gonzalez, I., Charak, R., Gilbar, O., Racionero-Viñas, R., & Strait, M. K. (2020). Witnessing parental violence and intimate partner cyber IPV perpetration in hispanic emerging adults: The mediating role of attitudes towards IPV. Journal of Interpersonal Violence. Advance online publication. doi.org/10.1177/0886260520975834
- *Hsieh, C., Charak, R *Cano-Gonzalez, I., Gonzalez, L. Roley-Roberts, M., & Hovey, J. D. (2020). Perceived burdensomeness and thwarted belongingness influence the childhood polyvictimization and suicide ideation association among Hispanic undergraduates. Death Studies. Advance online publication. org/10.1080/07481187.2020.1846227
- Schmitz, R. M., & Charak, R. (2020). “I went into this as one person, and then came out a totally different person”: Native LGBTQ2S+ young adults’ conceptions of trauma. Journal of Interpersonal Violence. Advance online publication. doi.10.1177/0886260520948523.
- *Trujillo, O., *Cantu, J. I., & Charak, R. (2020). Unique and additive effects of intimate partner cybervictimization types on alcohol use in lesbian, gay, and bisexual emerging adults. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking. Advance online publication. doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2019.0773.
- Ontiveros, G., Cantos, A., Chen, P., Charak, R., & O’Leary D. (2020). Is all dating violence equal? Gender and severity differences in predictors of perpetration. Behavioral Sciences, 7, doi.10.3390/bs10070118.
- *Cantu, J. I., & Charak, R. (2020). Unique, additive, and interactive effects of intimate partner cybervictimization types on depression in Hispanic emerging adults . Journal of Interpersonal Violence. Advance online publication. doi.org/10.1177/0886260520915552.
- Karsberg, S., Charak, R., & Elklit, A. (2020). Association between dating violence and health outcomes among early adolescents from Denmark: The role of exposure to childhood maltreatment. Violence and Victims.
- Charak R., Vang, M. L., Shevlin, M., Ben-Ezra, M., Karatzias, T., & Hyland, P. (2020). Lifetime interpersonal victimization profiles and mental health problems in a nationally representative panel of trauma-exposed adults from the United Kingdom. Journal of Traumatic Stress Studies. Advance online publication. doi.10.1002/jts.22527.
- Hirai, M., Charak, R., Seligman, L., Hovey, J., Smith, T., & Ruiz, J. (2020). An association between perceived social support and posttraumatic stress symptom severity among women with lifetime sexual victimization: the serial mediating role of resilience and coping. Violence Against Women. Advance online publication. doi. 10.1177/1077801219892645.
- Charak, R., Byllesby, B. M., Fowler, C. J., Sharp, C., Elhai, J. D., & Frueh, C. B. (2019). Assessment of the revised difficulties in emotion regulation scales among adolescents and adults with severe mental health illness. Psychiatry Research . Advanced online publication. doi.10.1016/j.psychres.2019.04.010.
- Charak, R., *Villarreal, L., Schmitz, R. M., Hirai, M., & Ford, J. D. (2019). Patterns of childhood maltreatment and intimate partner violence, emotion dysregulation, and mental health symptoms among gay, lesbian, and bisexual emerging adults: a 3-step latent class approach. Child Abuse and Neglect, 89, 99-110.
- Charak, R., Ford, J. D., Modrowski, C. A., & Kerig, P. K. (2019). Polyvictimization, emotion dysregulation, symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder, and behavioral health problems among justice-involved youth: A latent class analysis. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 47, 287-298 . doi.org/10.1007/s10802-018-0431-9.
- Karsberg, S., Charak, R., Bramsen, R., Lasgaard, M., & Elklit, A. (2019). Patterns of childhood abuse and dating violence victimization among early adolescents from Denmark: A latent class approach. Psychology of Violence. Accepted (5-year impact factor: 3.1).
- Charak, R., Tromp, N. B., & Koot, H. M. (2018). Associations of specific and multiple types of childhood abuse and neglect with personality pathology among adolescents referred for mental health services. Psychiatry Research, 270, 906-914. doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2018.11.016.
- Benham, G., & Charak, R. (2019). Stress and sleep remain significant predictors of health after controlling for negative affect. Stress and Health, 35, 59-68. doi.org/10.1002/smi.2840.
- Charak, R., Eshelman, L. R., & Messman-Moore, T. L. (2018). Latent classes of childhood maltreatment, adult sexual assault, and revictimization in men: Differences in masculinity, anger, and substance use. Psychology of Men and Masculinity. Advance online publication. doi.org/10.1037/men0000185. Accepted.
- Ford, J. D., Charak, R., Modrowski, C. A. & Kerig, P. K. (2018). PTSD and dissociation symptoms as mediators of the relationship between poly-victimization and psychosocial and behavioral problems among adolescents involved in juvenile justice. Journal of Trauma and Dissociation-Special Issue on Polyvictimization and its adverse impact across the lifespan, 19, 325-346. doi.org/10.1080/15299732.2018.1441354.
- Claycomb, M., Mitchell, M. A., Contractor, A., Dranger, P., Charak, R., & Elhai, J. D. (2018). The relationship between distress tolerance regulation, counterfactual rumination, and PTSD symptom clusters. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 82, 133-140. doi.org/10.1016/j.comppsych.2018.01.012.
- Charak, R., DiLillo, D., Messman-Moore, T. L., & Gratz, K. L. (2018). Latent classes of lifetime sexual victimization characteristics in women in emerging adulthood: Differential relations with emotion dysregulation. Psychology of Violence, 8, 570-579. doi.http://dx.doi.org/q0.1037/vio0000154.
- Lagdon, S., Ross, J., Robinson, M., Contractor, A., Charak, R., & Armour, C. (in press). Assessing the mediating role of social support in childhood maltreatment and psychopathology in college students in Northern Ireland. Journal of Interpersonal Violence.
- Charak, R., de Jong, J.T.V.M., Berckmoes, L. H., Ndayisaba, H., & Reis, R. (2017). Assessing the factor structure of the childhood trauma questionnaire, and cumulative effects of abuse and neglect on mental health among adolescents in conflict-affected Burundi. Child Abuse and Neglect, 72, 383-392. doi.10.1016/j.chiabu.2017.09.009 Read the Abstract.
- Erwin, M. C., Charak, R., Durham, T. A., Armour, C., Lv, X., Southwick, S., Pietrzak, R. H., & Elhai, J. D. (2017). The 7-factor hybrid model of DSM-5 PTSD symptoms and alcohol consumption and consequences in a national sample of trauma-exposed veterans. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 51, 14-21. doi.10.1016/j.janxdis.2017.08.001 Read the Abstract.
- Evans, S. E., Charak, R., Watkins, L. E., & DiLillo, D. (2017). Domestic Violence. In R. J. R. Levesque (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Adolescence. New York: Springer. Read the Abstract .
- Byllesby, B. M., Charak, R., Durham, T. A., Wang, X., & Elhai, J. D. (2017). The underlying role of negative affect in the association with PTSD, major depressive disorder, and generalized anxiety. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 38, 655-665. doi: 10.1007/s10862-016-9555-9 Read the Abstract .
- Gohil, E., Charak. R., Rashid, H., & Sharma, P. (2016). Quality of life and depression among patients with Type I diabetes: A study of gender differences. The International Journal of Indian Psychology, 4, 90-97. Read the Abstract .
- Charak, R. , Byllesby, B. M., Roley, M., Claycomb, M. A., Durham, T. A., Ross, J., Armour, C., & Elhai, J.D. (2016). Latent classes of childhood poly-victimization and association with suicidal behavior among adult trauma victims: Moderating role of anger. Child Abuse and Neglect, 62, 19-28. doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2016.10.010 Read the Abstract .
- Kerig, P. K., Charak, R., Chaplo, S. D., Bennett, D. C., Armour, C., Modrowski, C. A., & McGee A. B. (2016). Validation of the factor structure of the adolescent dissociative experiences scale in a sample of trauma exposed detained youth. Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy, 8, 592-600. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/tra0000140 Read the Abstract .
- Claycomb, M., Charak, R., Kaplow, J., Layne, C. M., Pynoos, R., & Elhai, J. D. (2016). Persistent complex bereavement disorder symptom domains relate differentially to PTSD and depression: A study of war-exposed Bosnian adolescents. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 44, 1361-1373. doi. 10.1007/s10802-015-0107-7 Read the Abstract .
- Charak, R., Koot, H. M., Dvorak, R. D., Elklit, A., & Elhai, J. D. (2015). Unique versus cumulative effects of physical and sexual assault on patterns of adolescent substance use. Psychiatry Research, 230, 763-769. doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2015.11.014 Read the Abstract .
- Charak, R., & Koot, H. M. (2015). Severity of maltreatment and personality pathology in adolescents of Jammu, India: A latent class approach. Child Abuse and Neglect, 50, 56-66. doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2015.05.010 Read the Abstract .
- Singh, D., Gupta, K., Bakhshi, A., & Charak, R. (2015). Effect of general health status, and social support on psychological well-being among the Kashmiri migrants. Journal of Indian Health Psychology, 9, 41-50. Read the Abstract .
- Armour, C., Tsai, J., Durham, T., Charak, R., Biehn, T., Elhai, J. D., & Pietrzak, R. H. (2015). Dimensional structure of DSM-5 posttraumatic stress symptoms: Support for a hybrid anhedonia and externalizing behaviors model. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 61, 106-113 . doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2014.10.012 Read the Abstract .
- Charak, R., Armour, C., Elklit, A., Angmo, D., Elhai, J. D., & Koot, H. M. (2014). Factor structure of PTSD, and relation with gender in trauma survivors from India. European Journal of Psychotraumatology, 5, 25547. doi.org/10.3402/ejpt.v5.25547 Read the Abstract .
- Fowler, C. J., Charak, R., Elhai, J. D., Allen, J. G., Frueh, C. B., & Oldham, J. M. (2014). Construct validity and factor structure of the difficulties in emotion regulation scale among adults with severe mental illness. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 58, 175-180. doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2014.07.029 Read the Abstract .
- Charak, R., & Koot, H. M. (2014). Abuse and neglect in adolescents of Jammu, India: The role of gender, family structure, and parental education. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 28, 590-598. doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2014.06.006 Read the Abstract .
- Contractor, A. A., Mehta, P., Tiamiyu, M. F., Hovey, J. D., Geers, A., Charak, R., Tamburrino, M. B., & Elhai, J. D. (2014). Relations between PTSD and distress dimensions in an Indian child/adolescent sample following the 2008 Mumbai terrorist attacks. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 42, 925-935. doi:10.1007/s10802-013-9846-5 Read the Abstract .
- Charak, R., Armour, C., Elklit, A., Koot, H. M., & Elhai, J. D. (2014). Assessing the latent factor association between the dysphoria model of PTSD, and positive and negative affect in trauma victims from India. Psychological Injury and Law, 7, 122-130. doi:10.1007/s12207-014-9192-0 Read the Abstract .
- *Gohil, E., & Charak, R. (2013). Meaning in life, life satisfaction, and positive and negative affect in older adults: Effect of gender and type of residence. Indian Journal of Positive Psychology, 4, 55-59. Read the Abstract .
- Sachdeva, P., Bakhshi, A., & Charak, R. (2013). Organizational role stress in women bankers: Interplay with age and socio-economic status. Indian Journal of Community Psychology, 9, 144-151. Read the Abstract .
- Charak, R., & *Spalzes, L. (2011). Exposure to cloudburst in Leh: Posttraumatic stress disorder and associated factors. Indian Journal of Psychological Science, 2, 79-88. Read the Abstract .
- Charak, R., *Kohli, S., *Gohil, E., *Vaid, J., Thappa, J., & Sachdeva, P. (2011). Effect of gender and type of illness on perceived stigma and self-esteem in people with mental illness. Indian Journal of Health and Well Being, 2, 334-337. Read the Abstract .
- Charak, R., & *Bhat, A. (2011). Gender differences in trauma symptoms, perceived stress and coping strategies in Kashmiri migrants. Indian Journal of Health and Well Being, 2, 24-26. Read the Abstract .
- Charak, R., *Sharma, U., & *Singh, A. (2010). Strengths and difficulties of shelter home adolescents affected by terrorist acts from Jammu division. Indian Journal of Social Science Researches, 7, 112-121. Read the Abstract .
- Sharma, P., Charak, R., & Sharma, V. (2009). Contemporary perspectives on spirituality and mental health. Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine, 31, 16-23. Read the Abstract .
- Charak, R., & Singh, T.B. (2008). Psychopathological formulation of a case with Pain Disorder. Researcher, 1, 161-169.
- Bakhshi, A., Charak, R., & Sachdeva, P. (2006). A study of mental health and personal adjustment of middle and late adolescent girls. In R. Singh & R. Shyam (Eds.), Psychology of Well-Being (pp. 139-145). New Delhi: Global Vision Publishing House. Read the Abstract .
- Bhandari, A., & Charak, R. (2006). Migration and wellbeing: A study of Kashmiri Hindus from the valley. Academic Research, 1, 69-78.
Technical Report
- de Jong, J.T.V.M., Charak, R., Berckmoes, L. H., & Reis, R. (2016). Treatment and prevention of intergenerational transmission of violence in families in Burundi: Findings from an epidemiological study. Amsterdam: University of Amsterdam and UNICEF.
Books
- Charak, R. (2015). Child maltreatment and psychopathology in a cross-cultural context. Amsterdam, NL. Ipskamp Drukkers. ISBN: 978-6259-612-2
- Sachdeva, P., Charak, R., & Bakhshi, A. (2010). A textbook of human development and abnormal behavior, Jammu, India: Oberoi Book Services. ISBN: 978-81-909704-0-2
Magazine & E-Newsletter Articles
- Charak, R., & Brock, R. L. (2016 June 6). Examples of recent studies on childhood victimization employing the technique of latent class analysis. Stress Points, 30 (3), Retrieved from https://www.istss.org/education-research/traumatic-stresspoints/2016-june/research-methods-examples-of-recent-studies-on-chi.aspx. Read the Abstract .
- Charak, R. (2015 August 16). Child abuse and neglect in India: Prevalence and policy recommendations. Stress Points, 29, Retrieved from https://www.istss.org/education-research/traumatic-stresspoints/2015-august/global-perspectives-child-abuse-and-neglect-in-ind.aspx. Read the Abstract .
- Charak, R. (2011). Violence against dating partner: A consequence of child maltreatment. PsyInsight, 2, 10. Read the Abstract .
- Charak, R. (2010). Childhood under threat: Effect of child sexual abuse on mental health. PsyInsight, 1, 36-37. Read the Abstract .