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Adversities in Childhood and Trauma Studies (ACT) Lab Department of Psychological Science

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Dr. Ruby Charak
UTRGV ACT Lab
Department of Psychological Science
ELABN 314/325
1201 W. University Dr. Edinburg TX 78539
Email: ruby.charak@utrgv.edu

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Publications

Peer Reviewed Publications
*Student mentee

  1. Charak, R., *Cano-Gonzalez, I., & Ronzon-Tirado, R., Schmitz, R., M. Tabler, J., Karsberg, S., & Ford, J. (2023). LGBTQ+ identity related abuse childhood and associations with depression and suicide behavior in adulthood: role of cisheterosexism and emotional suppression. Child Abuse and Neglect (accepted; impact factor: 4.8).
  2. Roley-Roberts, M., Charak, R., Jeffs, A., & Hovey J. (2023). The unique relationship between childhood sexual abuse, self-injury, and suicide ideation: the mediating role of emotion dysregulation. Child Abuse Review, 32(2).org/10.1002/car.2787 (2021 impact factor: 2.086).
  3. *Cano-Gonzalez, I., Charak, R., Chen, P., & Cantos, A. (2023). Patterns, risk factors, and mental health correlates of cyber intimate partner violence in hispanic emerging adults. Journal of Family Violence, 38(5), 941-952. doi.org/10.1007/s10896-022-00434-1 (5-year impact factor: 3.009)
  4. *Cano-Gonzalez, I., Charak, R., *Cantu, J., & Ronzon-Tirado, R. (2023). The role of complex PTSD in the associations between minority stressors and self-reported suicide likelihood in LGBTQ+ adults. Traumatology. (accepted; impact factor: 3.2).
  5. Charak, R., *Cano-Gonzalez, I., Ronzon-Tirado, R., Ford, J. D., Byllesby, B. M., Shevlin, M., Karatzias, T., Hyland, P., & Cloitre, M. (2023). Factor structure of the International Trauma Questionnaire in trauma exposed LGBTQ+ adults: Role of accumulating traumatic events and minority stress heterosexist experiences. Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy, 15(4), 628-636.10.1037/tra0001440. (impact factor: 9.398)
  6. Gilbar, O., Charak, R., *Trujillo, O., *Cantu, J. I., *Cavazos, V., & Lavi, I. (2023). A meta-analysis of cyber intimate partner violence: its associations to face-to-face intimate partner violence and how it reflects gendered intimate partner violence. Trauma, Violence, and Abuse, 24(30), 1948-1965. doi.org/10.1177/15248380221082087 (Impact factor: 10.57).
  7. *Hsieh, C., Charak, R., *Razo, G., Tabler, J., & Schmitz, R. (2023). Associations between sexual minority identities, heterosexism, identity concealment, and depression among lesbian, gay, and bisexual emerging adults: Adjusting for the effects of general stressors. Southern Medical Journal (accepted).
  8. Schmitz, R. M., Tabler, J., Charak, R., *Cantu, J. I., González, C., & Schmitz, J. (2023). Minority stress, technology, and LGBTQ+ people’s experiences and outcomes during the COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of Gay and Lesbian Social Services (accepted).
  9. *Cantu, J. I., Charak, R., Popan, J., & Cantos, A. (2023). Cognitive reappraisal as a protective factor in the associations between cyber intimate partner victimization and depression in Hispanic emerging adults. Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment, and Trauma, 32(1-2), 71-87.org/10.1080/10926771.2022.2112331 (5-year impact factor 2.19)
  10. Schmitz, R. M., Gomez, G., Propost, A. Tabler, J., & Charak, R. (2023). Queer politics of a pandemic: LGBTQ+ people’s conceptions of COVID-19’s politicization. Sexuality Research and Social Policy, 20(2), 751-765. doi.org/10.1007/s13178-022-00719-6 (5-year impact factor: 3.745) 
  11. Tirado, R. R., *Cano-Gonzalez., & Charak, R. (2023). Daily heterosexist experiences in LGBTQ+ adults from Spain: validation, prevalence, and clinical implications. Psychosocial Interventions, 32(1). doi.org/10.5093/pi2022a15 (2021 impact factor: 4.583)
  12. Nuttman-Shwartz, O., Gilbar, O., Charak, R., & Dekel, R., (2023). Perpetrating cyber dating violence: the role of gender and culture in an Israeli sample. Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment and Trauma. Advance online publication. oi.org/10.1080/10926771.2022.2082906 (5-year impact factor 2.19).
  13. Ford, J., Charak, R., Spinazzola, J., Karatzias, T., & Shevlin, M. (2022). Can developmental trauma disorder be distinguished from posttraumatic stress disorder: a symptom-level person-centered empirical approach. European Journal of Psychotraumatology. 13(2). doi.org/10.1080/20008066.2022.2133488 (Impact factor 3.02) 
  14. Kyne, D., Robledo, C., Clark, L. C., Charak R., Salahuddin, M., & Marrow, J. (2022). Social connectedness, physical distancing, and anxiety in complying with shelter-in-place orders and advisories during the once-in-a-century COVID-19 pandemic in the US: a study of social media and internet users. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(22), 15282. doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192215282
  15. Ford, J., Shevlin, M., Karatzias, T., Charak, R., & Spinazzola, J. (2022). Can developmental trauma disorder be distinguished from posttraumatic stress disorder: a confirmatory factor analytic test of four structural models. Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology, 50, 1207-1218. doi.org/10.1007/s10802-022-00916-2 (5-year impact factor: 4.836).
  16. Seligman, L. D., Charak, R., & *Flores, A. (2022). Depression in children and adolescents: evidence-based treatment guidelines. In Farrell, C. Essau., & R. Murrihy (Eds.) Handbook of treatment modules for youth emotional and behavioural disorders: Guidelines for personalized care.
  17. Schmitz, R. M., & Charak, R. (2022). “I went into this as one person, and then came out a totally different person”: Native LGBTQ2S+ young adults’ conceptions of trauma. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 37(5-6), 3293-3319. doi.10.1177/0886260520948523 (5-year impact factor: 3.115)
  18. Tabler, J., Schmitz, R. M., Charak, R., Propost, A. (2022). Forgone care among LGBTQ+ and non-LGBTQ+ Americans during the COVID-19 pandemic: the role of health, social support, and pandemic-related stress. Southern Medical Journal, 115(10), 752-759. 10.14423/SMJ.0000000000001456
  19. *Cano-Gonzalez, I., Charak, R., Gilbar, O., Racionero-Viñas, R., & Strait, M. K. (2022). Witnessing parental violence and intimate partner cyber IPV perpetration in hispanic emerging adults: The mediating role of attitudes towards IPV. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 37(9-10), 8115-8137. doi.org/10.1177/0886260520975834 (5-year impact factor: 3.115)
  20. *Hsieh, C., Charak, R *Cano-Gonzalez, I., Gonzalez, L. Roley-Roberts, M., & Hovey, J. D. (2022). Perceived burdensomeness and thwarted belongingness influence the childhood polyvictimization and suicide ideation association among Hispanic undergraduates. Death Studies, 46(8), 1792-1800. org/10.1080/07481187.2020.1846227 (2019 impact factor: 1.361) 
  21. Charak, R. & Hamilton-Giachritsis, C. (2021). Editorial: Assessment tools in child protection practice and research. Child Abuse Review, 30, 499-507. doi. 10.1002/car.2736 (Impact factor: 1.345)
  22. Tirado, R. R., Charak, R. *Cano-Gonzalez, I., Karsberg, S., & Schnarrs, P. W. (2021). Latent classes of bidirectional face-to-face and cyber intimate partner violence among lesbian, gay and bisexual people: The role of minority stressors. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 37(21-22). doi.org/10.117708862605211055158 (Impact factor 6.144).
  23. Tabler, J., Schmitz, R. M., Charak, R., & Dickinson, E. (2021). Perceived weight gain and eating disorder symptoms among LGBTQ+ adults during the COVID-19 pandemic: a convergent mixed-method study. Journal of Eating Disorders, 9, 115. org/10.1186/s40337-021-00470-0 (5-year impact factor 4.622).
  24. Charak, R., de Jong, J.T.V.M., Berckmoes, L. H., & Reis, R. (2021). Intergenerational maltreatment parent-child dyads from Burundi: associations with parental depression and connectedness, and PTSS and aggression in children. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 34, 943-954. doi.10.1002/jts.22735 (Impact factor 3.476) 
  25. McCarty, S. M., Pacque, K., Gatto, A. J., Hill, K., & Charak, R. (2021). Youth-led resilience promotion in disaster recovery: a framework and prosocial strategies for youth leaders in schools. Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy, 14(1), 32-40.doi.org/10.1037/tra0001142 (Impact factor: 3.226) 
  26. Charak, R., *Cano-Gonzalez, I., Shevlin, M., Ben-Ezra, M., Karatzias, T., & Hyland, P. (2021). Dimensional latent structure of ICD-11 posttraumatic stress disorder, complex PTSD, and adjustment disorder: Evidence from Ghana, Kenya, and Nigeria. Traumatology, 28(2), 223-234. doi.org/10.1037/trm0000311 (2019 impact factor: 0.728).
  27. Karsberg, S., Hesse, M., Pedersen, M. M., Charak, R., & Pedersen, M. U. (2021). The impact of poly-traumatization on treatment outcomes in young people with substance use disorders. BMC Psychiatry, 21, doi.org/10.1186/s12888-021-03129-x. (5-year impact factor: 3.386).
  28. *Villarreal, L., Charak, R., Schmitz, R.M., *Hsieh, C., & Ford, J. D. (2021). The relationship between sexual orientation outness, heterosexism, emotion dysregulation, and alcohol use in gay, lesbian, and bisexual emerging adults. Journal of Gay and Lesbian Mental Health, 25(1), 94-115. doi.10.1080/19359705.2020.1809588
  29. *Cano-Gonzalez, I., Charak, R., Gilbar, O., Racionero-Viñas, R., & Strait, M. K. (2020). Witnessing parental violence and intimate partner cyber IPV perpetration in hispanic emerging adults: The mediating role of attitudes towards IPV. Journal of Interpersonal Violence. Advance online publication. doi.org/10.1177/0886260520975834
  30. *Hsieh, C., Charak, R *Cano-Gonzalez, I., Gonzalez, L. Roley-Roberts, M., & Hovey, J. D. (2020). Perceived burdensomeness and thwarted belongingness influence the childhood polyvictimization and suicide ideation association among Hispanic undergraduates. Death Studies. Advance online publication. org/10.1080/07481187.2020.1846227
  31. Schmitz, R. M., & Charak, R. (2020). “I went into this as one person, and then came out a totally different person”: Native LGBTQ2S+ young adults’ conceptions of trauma. Journal of Interpersonal Violence. Advance online publication. doi.10.1177/0886260520948523.
  32. *Trujillo, O., *Cantu, J. I., & Charak, R. (2020). Unique and additive effects of intimate partner cybervictimization types on alcohol use in lesbian, gay, and bisexual emerging adults. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking. Advance online publication. doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2019.0773.
  33. Ontiveros, G., Cantos, A., Chen, P., Charak, R., & O’Leary D. (2020). Is all dating violence equal? Gender and severity differences in predictors of perpetration. Behavioral Sciences, 7, doi.10.3390/bs10070118.
  34. *Cantu, J. I., & Charak, R. (2020). Unique, additive, and interactive effects of intimate partner cybervictimization types on depression in Hispanic emerging adults . Journal of Interpersonal Violence. Advance online publication. doi.org/10.1177/0886260520915552.
  35. Karsberg, S., Charak, R., & Elklit, A. (2020). Association between dating violence and health outcomes among early adolescents from Denmark: The role of exposure to childhood maltreatment. Violence and Victims.
  36. Charak R., Vang, M. L., Shevlin, M., Ben-Ezra, M., Karatzias, T., & Hyland, P. (2020). Lifetime interpersonal victimization profiles and mental health problems in a nationally representative panel of trauma-exposed adults from the United Kingdom. Journal of Traumatic Stress Studies. Advance online publication. doi.10.1002/jts.22527.
  37. Hirai, M., Charak, R., Seligman, L., Hovey, J., Smith, T., & Ruiz, J. (2020). An association between perceived social support and posttraumatic stress symptom severity among women with lifetime sexual victimization: the serial mediating role of resilience and coping. Violence Against Women. Advance online publication. doi. 10.1177/1077801219892645.
  38. Charak, R., Byllesby, B. M., Fowler, C. J., Sharp, C., Elhai, J. D., & Frueh, C. B. (2019). Assessment of the revised difficulties in emotion regulation scales among adolescents and adults with severe mental health illness. Psychiatry Research . Advanced online publication. doi.10.1016/j.psychres.2019.04.010. 
  39. Charak, R., *Villarreal, L., Schmitz, R. M., Hirai, M., & Ford, J. D. (2019). Patterns of childhood maltreatment and intimate partner violence, emotion dysregulation, and mental health symptoms among gay, lesbian, and bisexual emerging adults: a 3-step latent class approach. Child Abuse and Neglect, 89, 99-110.
  40. Charak, R., Ford, J. D., Modrowski, C. A., & Kerig, P. K. (2019). Polyvictimization, emotion dysregulation, symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder, and behavioral health problems among justice-involved youth: A latent class analysis. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 47, 287-298 . doi.org/10.1007/s10802-018-0431-9.
  41. Karsberg, S., Charak, R., Bramsen, R., Lasgaard, M., & Elklit, A. (2019). Patterns of childhood abuse and dating violence victimization among early adolescents from Denmark: A latent class approach. Psychology of Violence. Accepted (5-year impact factor: 3.1).
  42. Charak, R., Tromp, N. B., & Koot, H. M. (2018). Associations of specific and multiple types of childhood abuse and neglect with personality pathology among adolescents referred for mental health services. Psychiatry Research, 270, 906-914. doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2018.11.016.
  43. Benham, G., & Charak, R. (2019). Stress and sleep remain significant predictors of health after controlling for negative affect. Stress and Health, 35, 59-68. doi.org/10.1002/smi.2840.
  44. Charak, R., Eshelman, L. R., & Messman-Moore, T. L. (2018). Latent classes of childhood maltreatment, adult sexual assault, and revictimization in men: Differences in masculinity, anger, and substance use.  Psychology of Men and Masculinity. Advance online publication. doi.org/10.1037/men0000185. Accepted.
  45. Ford, J. D., Charak, R., Modrowski, C. A. & Kerig, P. K. (2018). PTSD and dissociation symptoms as mediators of the relationship between poly-victimization and psychosocial and behavioral problems among adolescents involved in juvenile justice. Journal of Trauma and Dissociation-Special Issue on Polyvictimization and its adverse impact across the lifespan, 19, 325-346. doi.org/10.1080/15299732.2018.1441354.
  46. Claycomb, M., Mitchell, M. A., Contractor, A., Dranger, P.,  Charak, R., & Elhai, J. D. (2018). The relationship between distress tolerance regulation, counterfactual rumination, and PTSD symptom clusters.  Comprehensive Psychiatry,  82, 133-140.  doi.org/10.1016/j.comppsych.2018.01.012.
  47. Charak, R., DiLillo, D., Messman-Moore, T. L., & Gratz, K. L. (2018). Latent classes of lifetime sexual victimization characteristics in women in emerging adulthood: Differential relations with emotion dysregulation. Psychology of Violence, 8, 570-579. doi.http://dx.doi.org/q0.1037/vio0000154.
  48.  Lagdon, S., Ross, J., Robinson, M., Contractor, A., Charak, R., & Armour, C. (in press). Assessing the mediating role of social support in childhood maltreatment and psychopathology in college students in Northern Ireland. Journal of Interpersonal Violence.
  49. Charak, R., de Jong, J.T.V.M., Berckmoes, L. H., Ndayisaba, H., & Reis, R. (2017). Assessing the factor structure of the childhood trauma questionnaire, and cumulative effects of abuse and neglect on mental health among adolescents in conflict-affected Burundi. Child Abuse and Neglect, 72, 383-392. doi.10.1016/j.chiabu.2017.09.009 Read the Abstract.   
  50. Erwin, M. C., Charak, R., Durham, T. A., Armour, C., Lv, X., Southwick, S., Pietrzak, R. H., & Elhai, J. D. (2017). The 7-factor hybrid model of DSM-5 PTSD symptoms and alcohol consumption and consequences in a national sample of trauma-exposed veterans. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 51, 14-21. doi.10.1016/j.janxdis.2017.08.001  Read the Abstract.
  51. Evans, S. E., Charak, R., Watkins, L. E., & DiLillo, D. (2017). Domestic Violence. In R. J. R. Levesque (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Adolescence. New York: Springer. Read the Abstract .
  52. Byllesby, B. M., Charak, R., Durham, T. A., Wang, X., & Elhai, J. D. (2017). The underlying role of negative affect in the association with PTSD, major depressive disorder, and generalized anxiety. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 38, 655-665. doi: 10.1007/s10862-016-9555-9 Read the Abstract .
  53. Gohil, E., Charak. R., Rashid, H., & Sharma, P. (2016). Quality of life and depression among patients with Type I diabetes: A study of gender differences. The International Journal of Indian Psychology, 4, 90-97. Read the Abstract .
  54. Charak, R. , Byllesby, B. M., Roley, M., Claycomb, M. A., Durham, T. A., Ross, J., Armour, C., & Elhai, J.D. (2016). Latent classes of childhood poly-victimization and association with suicidal behavior among adult trauma victims: Moderating role of anger. Child Abuse and Neglect, 62, 19-28. doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2016.10.010 Read the Abstract .
  55. Kerig, P. K., Charak, R., Chaplo, S. D., Bennett, D. C., Armour, C., Modrowski, C. A., & McGee A. B. (2016). Validation of the factor structure of the adolescent dissociative experiences scale in a sample of trauma exposed detained youth. Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy, 8, 592-600. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/tra0000140 Read the Abstract .
  56. Claycomb, M., Charak, R., Kaplow, J., Layne, C. M., Pynoos, R., & Elhai, J. D. (2016). Persistent complex bereavement disorder symptom domains relate differentially to PTSD and depression: A study of war-exposed Bosnian adolescents. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 44, 1361-1373. doi. 10.1007/s10802-015-0107-7 Read the Abstract .
  57. Charak, R., Koot, H. M., Dvorak, R. D., Elklit, A., & Elhai, J. D. (2015). Unique versus cumulative effects of physical and sexual assault on patterns of adolescent substance use. Psychiatry Research, 230, 763-769. doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2015.11.014 Read the Abstract .
  58. Charak, R., & Koot, H. M. (2015). Severity of maltreatment and personality pathology in adolescents of Jammu, India: A latent class approach. Child Abuse and Neglect, 50, 56-66. doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2015.05.010 Read the Abstract .
  59. Singh, D., Gupta, K., Bakhshi, A., & Charak, R. (2015). Effect of general health status, and social support on psychological well-being among the Kashmiri migrants. Journal of Indian Health Psychology, 9, 41-50. Read the Abstract .
  60. Armour, C., Tsai, J., Durham, T., Charak, R., Biehn, T., Elhai, J. D., & Pietrzak, R. H. (2015). Dimensional structure of DSM-5 posttraumatic stress symptoms: Support for a hybrid anhedonia and externalizing behaviors model. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 61, 106-113 . doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2014.10.012 Read the Abstract .
  61. Charak, R., Armour, C., Elklit, A., Angmo, D., Elhai, J. D., & Koot, H. M. (2014). Factor structure of PTSD, and relation with gender in trauma survivors from India. European Journal of Psychotraumatology, 5, 25547. doi.org/10.3402/ejpt.v5.25547 Read the Abstract .
  62. Fowler, C. J., Charak, R., Elhai, J. D., Allen, J. G., Frueh, C. B., & Oldham, J. M. (2014). Construct validity and factor structure of the difficulties in emotion regulation scale among adults with severe mental illness. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 58, 175-180. doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2014.07.029 Read the Abstract .
  63. Charak, R., & Koot, H. M. (2014). Abuse and neglect in adolescents of Jammu, India: The role of gender, family structure, and parental education. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 28, 590-598. doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2014.06.006 Read the Abstract .
  64. Contractor, A. A., Mehta, P., Tiamiyu, M. F., Hovey, J. D., Geers, A., Charak, R., Tamburrino, M. B., & Elhai, J. D. (2014). Relations between PTSD and distress dimensions in an Indian child/adolescent sample following the 2008 Mumbai terrorist attacks. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 42, 925-935. doi:10.1007/s10802-013-9846-5 Read the Abstract .
  65. Charak, R., Armour, C., Elklit, A., Koot, H. M., & Elhai, J. D. (2014). Assessing the latent factor association between the dysphoria model of PTSD, and positive and negative affect in trauma victims from India. Psychological Injury and Law, 7, 122-130. doi:10.1007/s12207-014-9192-0 Read the Abstract .
  66. *Gohil, E., & Charak, R. (2013). Meaning in life, life satisfaction, and positive and negative affect in older adults: Effect of gender and type of residence. Indian Journal of Positive Psychology, 4, 55-59. Read the Abstract .
  67. Sachdeva, P., Bakhshi, A., & Charak, R. (2013). Organizational role stress in women bankers: Interplay with age and socio-economic status. Indian Journal of Community Psychology, 9, 144-151. Read the Abstract .
  68. Charak, R., & *Spalzes, L. (2011). Exposure to cloudburst in Leh: Posttraumatic stress disorder and associated factors. Indian Journal of Psychological Science, 2, 79-88. Read the Abstract .
  69. Charak, R., *Kohli, S., *Gohil, E., *Vaid, J., Thappa, J., & Sachdeva, P. (2011). Effect of gender and type of illness on perceived stigma and self-esteem in people with mental illness. Indian Journal of Health and Well Being, 2, 334-337. Read the Abstract .
  70. Charak, R., & *Bhat, A. (2011). Gender differences in trauma symptoms, perceived stress and coping strategies in Kashmiri migrants. Indian Journal of Health and Well Being, 2, 24-26. Read the Abstract .
  71. Charak, R., *Sharma, U., & *Singh, A. (2010). Strengths and difficulties of shelter home adolescents affected by terrorist acts from Jammu division. Indian Journal of Social Science Researches, 7, 112-121. Read the Abstract .
  72. Sharma, P., Charak, R., & Sharma, V. (2009). Contemporary perspectives on spirituality and mental health. Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine, 31, 16-23. Read the Abstract .
  73. Charak, R., & Singh, T.B. (2008). Psychopathological formulation of a case with Pain Disorder. Researcher, 1, 161-169.
  74. Bakhshi, A., Charak, R., & Sachdeva, P. (2006). A study of mental health and personal adjustment of middle and late adolescent girls. In R. Singh & R. Shyam (Eds.), Psychology of Well-Being (pp. 139-145). New Delhi: Global Vision Publishing House. Read the Abstract .
  75. Bhandari, A., & Charak, R. (2006). Migration and wellbeing: A study of Kashmiri Hindus from the valley. Academic Research, 1, 69-78.

Technical Report

  1. de Jong, J.T.V.M., Charak, R., Berckmoes, L. H., & Reis, R. (2016). Treatment and prevention of intergenerational transmission of violence in families in Burundi: Findings from an epidemiological study. Amsterdam: University of Amsterdam and UNICEF.

Books

  1. Charak, R. (2015). Child maltreatment and psychopathology in a cross-cultural context. Amsterdam, NL. Ipskamp Drukkers. ISBN: 978-6259-612-2
  2. Sachdeva, P., Charak, R., & Bakhshi, A. (2010). A textbook of human development and abnormal behavior, Jammu, India: Oberoi Book Services. ISBN: 978-81-909704-0-2

Magazine & E-Newsletter Articles

  1. Charak, R., & Brock, R. L. (2016 June 6). Examples of recent studies on childhood victimization employing the technique of latent class analysis. Stress Points, 30 (3), Retrieved from https://www.istss.org/education-research/traumatic-stresspoints/2016-june/research-methods-examples-of-recent-studies-on-chi.aspx. Read the Abstract .
  2. Charak, R. (2015 August 16). Child abuse and neglect in India: Prevalence and policy recommendations. Stress Points, 29, Retrieved from https://www.istss.org/education-research/traumatic-stresspoints/2015-august/global-perspectives-child-abuse-and-neglect-in-ind.aspx. Read the Abstract .
  3. Charak, R. (2011). Violence against dating partner: A consequence of child maltreatment. PsyInsight, 2, 10. Read the Abstract .
  4. Charak, R. (2010). Childhood under threat: Effect of child sexual abuse on mental health. PsyInsight, 1, 36-37. Read the Abstract .
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